GDP与CHOP方案治疗非特异性外周T 细胞淋巴瘤的临床对比研究

目的:探讨GDP与CHOP方案治疗非特异性外周T细胞淋巴瘤的临床疗效,为临床治疗提供参考。方法:选择2013年1月到2016年1月我院收治的非特异性外周T细胞淋巴瘤患者80例,随机分为GDP组(n=40)和CHOP组(n=40)。GDP组患者给予GDP治疗方案(顺铂+吉西他滨+强的松),CHOP组患者给予CHOP治疗方案(多柔比星+环磷酰胺+长春新碱+强的松),两组患者均治疗6个疗程。比较两组患者临床疗效和不良反应发生情况。结果:GDP组患者近期疗效总有效率为75.00%,明显高于CHOP组的45.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。GDP组患者的无进展生存期(PFS)、总生存期(OS)分别为(9.69±1.50)月和(16.72±3.06)月,明显大于CHOP组的(5.16±1.38)月和(10.98±3.37)月,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。GDP组患者恶心呕吐的发生率为72.50%,明显低于CHOP组的97.50%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:GDP方案治疗非特异性外周T细胞淋巴瘤的临床疗效明显优于CHOP方案,且不良反应发生率低,值得在临床上推广应用。     

应用酵母双杂交系统筛选BRD7相互作用的蛋白质

BRD7基因是鼻咽癌组织表达下调/缺失的基因, 有强烈的鼻咽癌细胞系HNE1生长抑制作用. 利用酵母双杂交系统筛选与BRD7蛋白相互作用的蛋白, 首先将BRD7基因的完整阅读框架部分亚克隆至pAS2载体(BRD7-BD), 然后以BRD7-BD为靶蛋白, 筛选人胎脑cDNA文库, 在4.8×10⁶个转化子中筛选到11个阳性克隆, 序列测定表明, 分离到溴区包含蛋白3, 溴区包含蛋白2, β-IκB激酶, KIAA1375蛋白, 白介素7和接头相关蛋白复合物3 δ-1亚单位等与BRD7相互作用蛋白, 说明BRD7可能与BRD3或BRD2蛋白形成异源二聚体或三聚体发挥核内转录调节功能.     

Rats habituated to chronic feeding restriction show a smaller increase in olfactory bulb reactivity compared to newly fasted rats

During the 1970s, the multiunit reactivity of the olfactory bulb to food odor was extensively shown to increase before their usual meal in rats habituated to having a single 2 h daily meal compared to the same rats recorded after their usual meal. More recently, we reported dramatic modifications of mitral cell single-unit reactivity in adult rats following a simple a manipulation of the olfactory environment--exposure to an odor. The present study aimed at testing the hypothesis that a simple behavioral change such as habituation to chronic food restriction may induce profound changes in olfactory bulb responsiveness compared to occasional fasting. We compared mitral cell reactivity in non-fasted rats, in rats fasted during 22 h for the very first time, and in rats habituated during 15 days to a chronic 22 h food restriction. Mitral cell single-unit reactivity was found to increase less in rats habituated to fasting than in newly fasted rats. Indeed, the proportion of mitral cell responses to food and non-food odors was significantly higher in rats habituated to fasting than in non-fasted rats, but lower than in newly fasted rats. The proportion of simple unsynchronized and synchronized responses of 1b and 2b types was also lower in habituated rats whereas the proportion of complex synchronized responses of 4b type increased. This decreased responsiveness in habituated rats, similar to that observed in rats repeatedly exposed for 20 min per day to an odor during six consecutive days in our previous studies, is discussed with respect to olfactory bulb plasticity.     

静注一级并行米氏消除动力学的稳定浓度

对静注一级并行米氏消除动力学模型,导出了稳态浓度（最大值、平均值和最小值）精确值和近似值的计算公式,并讨论了平均稳态浓度与AUC/τ的关系,给出了一次给药即可达到稳态浓度的给药方案．     

Behavioral sensitization and tolerance to cocaine and the occupation of dopamine receptors by dopamine

Data from the authors’ laboratory on the neural substrates of Pavlovian conditioning and behavioral sensitization to psychomotor stimulants are reviewed. The findings of a recent experiment on the role of occupation of dopamine receptors by dopamine and its association to behavioral sensitization are reported. Daily intermittent injections of cocaine produced behavioral sensitization to the locomotor response in rats, whereas continuous cocaine infusions produced behavioral tolerance. Behavioral sensitization to cocaine was blocked by coadministration of nimodipine, anL-type calcium channel blocker. The increases in locomotion produced by cocaine was associated with an increase in the occupation of striatal dopamine D₁ and D₂ receptors, measured as the density of receptors protected from denaturation byN-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ). This association was not observed when rats were given a challenge injection of cocaine 10 d after withdrawal from similar treatment regimens. Rats given a cocaine challenge after withdrawal from either intermittent or continuous cocaine treatment regimens exhibited increased occupations of striatal D₁ and D₂ receptors. This increase was similar in magnitude to that observed in rats without a history of cocaine treatments after a challenge injection of cocaine. This suggests tnat the differences in occupancy of striatal dopamine receptors by dopamine observed in the prewithdrawal condition are likely the result of differences in brain levels of cocaine achieved by the two treatment regimens. Occupancy of striatals dopamine D₁ and D₂ receptors does not appear to be related to the development of sensitization to the motor-stimulating effects of cocaine.     

重组人血管内皮抑素联合FOLFIRI方案治疗结直肠癌肝转移的临床观察

目的:探讨重组人血管内皮抑素(恩度)联合FOLFIRI方案治疗结直肠癌肝转移的临床疗效与安全性。方法:选取结直肠癌肝转移患者58例,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各29例。对照组予以FOLFIRI方案,观察组予以恩度联合FOLFIRI方案治疗,均于治疗4个周期后,观察和比较临床疗效及毒副反应的发生情况,并随访患者的生存情况。结果:观察组与对照组的临床总有效率(RR)分别为44.83%和24.14%,疾病控制率(DCR)分别为89.66%和65.52%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);毒副反应的发生率分别为44.83%和37.93%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组与对照组无进展生存期(PFS)分别为7.5个月和4.3个月,总生存期(OS)分别为13.2个月和6.9个月,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:重组人血管内皮抑素联合FOLFIRI方案治疗结直肠癌肝转移的临床疗效较单用FOLFIRI方案更好,但并未显著增加毒副反应,安全性较好,值得临床推广应用。     

The driver and passenger effects of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations in oncogenesis and survival prolongation

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are key events in the development of glioma, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chondrosarcoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. They also cause D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and Ollier and Maffucci syndromes. IDH1/2 mutations are associated with prolonged survival in glioma and in ICC, but not in AML. The reason for this is unknown. In their wild-type forms, IDH1 and IDH2 convert isocitrate and NADP⁺ to α-ketoglutarate (αKG) and NADPH. Missense mutations in the active sites of these enzymes induce a neo-enzymatic reaction wherein NADPH reduces αKG to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). The resulting D-2HG accumulation leads to hypoxia-inducible factor 1α degradation, and changes in epigenetics and extracellular matrix homeostasis. Such mutations also imply less NADPH production capacity. Each of these effects could play a role in cancer formation. Here, we provide an overview of the literature and discuss which downstream molecular effects are likely to be the drivers of the oncogenic and survival-prolonging properties of IDH1/2 mutations. We discuss interactions between mutant IDH1/2 inhibitors and conventional therapies. Understanding of the biochemical consequences of IDH1/2 mutations in oncogenesis and survival prolongation will yield valuable information for rational therapy design: it will tell us which oncogenic processes should be blocked and which “survivalogenic” effects should be retained.     

Genomic profiling of solid tumors harboring BRD4-NUT and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors

BackgroundThe translocation t(15:19) produces the oncogenic BRD4-NUT fusion which is pathognomonic for NUT carcinoma (NC), which is a rare, but extremely aggressive solid tumor. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) by hybrid-capture based next generation sequencing of 186+ genes of a cohort of advanced cancer cases with a variety of initial diagnoses harboring BRD4-NUT may shed further insight into the biology of these tumors and possible options for targeted treatment.Case presentationThirty-one solid tumor cases harboring a BRD4-NUT translocation are described, with only 16% initially diagnosed as NC and the remainder carrying other diagnoses, most commonly NSCLC—NOS (22%) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (NSCLC-SCC) (16%). The cohort was all microsatellite stable and harbored a low Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB, mean 1.7 mut/mb, range 0–4). In two index cases, patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI) had unexpected partial or better responses of varying duration. Notably, four cases – including the two index cases - were negative for PD-L1 expression. Neo-antigen prediction for BRD4-NUT and then affinity modeling of the peptide-MHC (pMHC) complex for an assessable index case predicted very high affinity binding, both on a ranked (99.9%) and absolute (33 nM) basis.ConclusionsCGP identifies BRD4-NUT fusions in advanced solid tumors which carry a broad range of initial diagnoses and which should be re-diagnosed as NC per guidelines. A hypothesized mechanism underlying responses to ICPI in the low TMB, PD-L1 negative index cases is the predicted high affinity of the BRD4-NUT fusion peptide to MHC complexes. Further study of pMHC affinity and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with NC harboring BRD4-NUT is needed to validate this therapeutic hypothesis.